What treatments do you offer for azoospermia?

So the treatments for Azoospermia include usually either drug treatments, but drug treatment's a fairly limited role. There's some evidence that using drugs may improve the chance of finding sperm in subsequent operation or getting small amounts of sperm in the ejaculate full stop. The only time that drugs seem to work very well is when you have a pituitary problem or a brain problem accounting for the Azoospermia. The other problem is that many of these drugs are unlicensed, so people use drugs such as Clomid or Tamoxifen, which are anti-oestrogen, to try and boost the sperm. Again, evidence base is limited for that. However, sometimes we place patients on these medications before doing the operations to try and extract sperm, called a sperm retrieval. And a sperm retrieval is where we open up the testicle like a book in non-obstructive Azoospermia and try and extract sperm from that. We usually find sperm in about 50% of the cases. The alternative for obstructive Azoospermia is if there's a blockage, you can try and unblock the blockage or alternatively, extract sperm and use sperm, which can then subsequently be used for IVF or ICSI treatment.